eBike technology explained

Hey everyone,

I've been riding my hardtail eMTB (a Bafang mid-drive) for about a year now, mostly on forest trails and some commutes, and I'm starting to get really curious about the "guts" of these things. Specifically, when it comes to troubleshooting, I often hear about controllers, sensors, and different motor types. Does anyone have a good, digestible explanation of how these components really interact, especially when something goes wrong? I'm trying to understand the tech better so I can diagnose minor issues myself instead of always heading to the shop.